ABSTRACT
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are chronic and cumulative disorders that are affected by multiple ergonomic factors. They are widespread in occupational populations and have a high prevalence. They have caused a substantial economic and social burden, which has become a major occupational health problem worldwide. The mechanism of WMSDs needs to be clarified. More authoritative and unified diagnostic criteria and specific therapeutic drugs are required. Therefore, an in-depth epidemiological investigation on WMSDs involving occupational ergonomics is of great scientific value and practical significance, which aims to improve hazard identification and ergonomic load risk assessment and to facilitate the prevention, control, and intervention of WMSDs. This article introduced the concept, status report, risk factors, ergonomic assessment methods, and preventive measures of WMSDs. This special column on "occupational ergonomics and work-related musculoskeletal disorders" presented the prevalence and related risk factors of WMSDs in different industries, as well as working condition simulation studies for specific tasks, aiming to provide objective and detailed scientific data for the prevention and control of WMSDs.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#By retrospective study of the epidemiological characteristics of sports-related sudden death (SrSD), the risk factors associated with SrSD were analyzed and explored to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive prevention and treatment of SrSD.@*METHODS@#The personal information (sex, age, occupation, etc.), case information (time, place, type of sports, relative time between SrSD occurrence and exercise, etc.), death related information (sign or prodrome, medical history and surgical history, etc.), rescue situation (witnesses, on-site assistance, the availability of paramedics, etc.) of 374 SrSD cases in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2021 were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted aiming at the key factors.@*RESULTS@#In the 374 cases, there were significantly more males than females (19.78:1); the number of people aged between >39 and 59 was the largest (151, 40.37%); non-manual workers (68.98%) were more than manual workers; the top three sports with the highest number cases were basketball (34.49%), running (19.52%) and badminton (12.03%); from 3 pm to 9 pm (63.10%) was the time period with the highest incidence of events; sudden death mainly occurred during exercise (75.27%) and within 1 h after exercise (20.05%); the on-site rescue rate was very low (6.15%); the rate of autopsies was extremely low (1.07%); sudden cardiac death was the most common cause (67.11%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#SrSD is most common in males aged >39 to 59 years old, mostly in non-manual workers, and usually occurs in basketball and running. Sudden death is more likely to occur during exercise and within 1 h after exercise. Therefore, the above potential risk factors should be focused on and studied in daily comprehensive prevention and treatment to provide scientific basis for accurate prevention and first aid of such sudden death.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Autopsy , China/epidemiology , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/prevention & control , Retrospective Studies , SportsABSTRACT
Food-borne parasitic diseases include meat-borne, fish-borne, plant-borne, water-borne, mollusk-borne and freshwater crustacean-borne parasitic diseases. The review summarizes the current status and control of 6 major food-borne parasitic diseases in China, including clonorchiasus, paragonimiasis, Taenia solium taeniasis, toxoplasmosis, trichinellosis and angiostrongyliasis, aiming to increase the understanding of food-borne parasitic diseases and provide insights into the development of the control strategy for food-borne parasitic diseases. The transmission of food-borne parasitic diseases are predominantly associated with diet, and neither eating raw nor semi-cooked food is the most effective measure to prevent the development of food-borne parasitic diseases.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of metabolic syndrome in the elderly, and to develop scientific prevention and control measures. Methods Physical examination personnel in Xianyang district from January 2017 to January 2020 were selected by random sampling method. The prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of the patients with metabolic syndrome were calculated according to the diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome. Intervention measures were implemented for patients with metabolic syndrome, and changes in survival and body quality were compared before and after intervention. SPSS 20.0 software was used for T test, rank sum test and Spearman rank correlation analysis, and the test level was α=0.05. Results There were 587 cases of metabolic syndrome in Xianyang area, and the overall prevalence rate was 13.81%. Complete clinical data of 566 elderly patients with metabolic syndrome were obtained. Age of 60~69 years old, overweight, obesity, activity time 1). After the intervention, scores of diet management, exercise management and cognition management in all age groups were higher than those before the intervention (P<0.05). In addition, values of triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein and BMI were better than those before the intervention (P<0.05). Conclusion Age of 60~69 years old, overweight, obesity, activity time <3 hours per day, sitting time ≥8 hours per day, smoking and alcohol consumption are the risk factors for the occurrence of metabolic syndrome in the elderly. Targeted interventions are of vital importance in helping patients to establish suitable self-management and executive ability.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND@#Influenza places a heavy public health burden in numerous countries every year. In addition to vaccines, there are some interventions that are effective in preventing influenza.@*OBJECTIVE@#This overview of systematic reviews (SRs) aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of interventions for influenza prevention.@*SEARCH STRATEGY@#We searched the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2020, Issue 1 for relevant Cochrane SRs using the keywords "common cold," "influenza," and "flu."@*INCLUSION CRITERIA@#Cochrane SRs that investigated the prevention of influenza were included. Participants included the general population without influenza or influenza-like symptoms, who were treated with preventative interventions and compared to individuals receiving no treatment or placebo.@*DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS@#Two reviewers independently screened citations against pre-defined inclusion criteria and extracted data. The methodological quality of these SRs was evaluated using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews-II (AMSTAR-II) guidelines. The primary outcome of our analysis was the incidence of influenza, and the secondary outcomes were the incidence of influenza-like illness and hospitalization. In addition to the narrative summary of SR findings, we also pooled data from homogeneous trials among these SRs and produced evidence mapping. We conducted a network meta-analysis to compare the effect across interventions and used the Cochrane approach to grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) to assess the quality of evidence.@*RESULTS@#Eleven Cochrane SRs were included, covering five medications, eleven vaccinations and four complementary therapies. Among these SRs, 73% scored "high" quality on AMSTAR-II rating. We found that eight interventions, including amantadine, garlic, and six different vaccines, were beneficial for reducing the incidence of influenza compared to placebo, while oseltamivir, zanamivir, Ganmao capsule, Echinacea, and another three types of vaccine were probably beneficial. Ganmao capsule ranked highest for influenza prevention in the network meta-analysis, followed by amantadine, garlic, and vaccines of all types. Monovalent inactivated parenteral vaccine was found to be beneficial in reducing the incidence of influenza-like illness. None of the interventions reduced the hospitalization rate.@*CONCLUSION@#High-quality evidence showed that garlic or vaccine had advantages in preventing influenza, and that vitamin C is not effective. The effect of other interventions needs to be further verified with high-quality evidence.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bayes Theorem , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Network Meta-Analysis , Systematic Reviews as Topic , VitaminsABSTRACT
Continuous blood purification is a group of extracorporeal blood purification techniques therapy technology,because of its continuous,slow removal of water and solute characteristics,It has become an important auxiliary method in the treatment of criti-cal patients. The clotting of bubble chamber in cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)is a difficult problem in the process of continuous blood purification treatment. This article elaborates the factors such as the level of bubble chamber,CBP treatment time,blood flow velocity, patient's internal environment,anticoagulant way and so on.We provide a guidance for the targeted nursing intervention of critically pa-tients who are undering CBP treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To explore security and preventive measures of the single medical oxygen cabin.Methods The safety risks of the cabin were analyzed in design,installation,management,usage,maintenance and test with considerations on its characteristics and clinical application,and then some preventive measures were proposed accordingly for safety management.Results Safety management of the cabin had to be improved from the aspects of design,manufacture,installation,patient management and etc.Conclusion Safety of the cabin can be enhanced by management system,operating instruction,personnel awareness and etc.
ABSTRACT
Objective To analyze nursing risk factors in digesting internal medicine nurses,looking for effective prevention measures and observe the nursing effect. Methods Nursing risk factors were analyzed from November 2009 to October 2010,and effective preventive measures were explored and applied from November 2010 to October 2011.The incidence rate of nursing accidents,the degree of satisfaction and approval,and basic nursing quality were compared before and after the implementation of nursing risk preventive measures. Results Nursing accident before and after the implementation was 0.98％ and 0.12％,the degree of satisfaction and approval before and after the implementation was 78％ and 75％,the basic nursing quality score before and after the implementation was (93.87 ±1.26)points,(99.68 ±0.54)points,the results before and after the implementation showed significant difference. Conclusions To adopt effective nursing risk preventive measures can significantly reduce the incidence of nursing risk,improve nursing service quality and satisfaction degree of patients.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To prevent occurrence of infection in clinical laboratory. METHODS The biosafety system was continuously improved and complet step by step and amplifed rules and regulation,done well protection of person,making the operating process of laboratory more norma,enforcing the air and environment,sterilizeing the equipment,detecting implement,disinfecting the used material and medical garbage and inspecting. RESULTS The hospital infection in laboratory was effectly controlled,the staff′s safety and health were addressd when they worked in an infected area of laboratory. CONCLUSIONS Amplifying the rules and regulation,and insisting the principle of work without slacking could effecttively prevent the occurring of hospital infection in clinical laboratory.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pollution of venous indwelling needle and to discuss the preventive measures.METHODS A retrospective investigation was conducted on the results of germ culture of venous indwelling needle and the problems in nursing manipulation.RESULTS The total positive rate of venous indwelling needle cultures isolated from 2006 to 2007 was 20.2%,the positive rate in 2007 was lower than that in 2006(?2=7.66,P
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To study the situation of nosocomial infection of maintenance hemodialysis of chronic renal failure patients and discuss the risk factors and preventive measures.METHODS Retrospective analysis of our hospital clinical data in hemodialysis patients with nosocomial infection from Jan 2005 to Dec 2006 was taken.RESULTS There were 44 nosocomial infection cases from 89 cases.The infection rate was 49.43%.Hemodialysis patients were high-risk population of the nosocomial infection.The common infection site was the respiratory tract(52.27%),followed by central venous catheter-related infections(25.00%),urinary tract infections(15.91%) and intestinal infections(6.82%).The primary diseases of diabetic nephropathy,serious anemia,low albumin and elderly were the risk factors(P
ABSTRACT
Objective To identify risk factors, incidence and trends of nosocomial infections in the neonate ward. Methods Total 6395 hospitalized neonates were sub-grouped by state of maturity, attending to neonate intensive care unit (NICU), length of stay, underlying diseases, use of antibacterial agents and mechanical ventilation. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in each subgroup. Results Among 6395 hospitalized neonates, 168 (2.63%) had nosocomial infections, and the incidence rates were of statistical difference among groups (P<0.01), Lower respiratory tract was the most frequent infection site accounting for 80.9% of all infections. 61.3% eases were caused by gram negative bacteria, in which 72.06% were enterobacteriaceae. Conclusions To prevent nosecomial infection among neonates the following measures should taken: improve care for NICU and premature babies, reduce length of stay, avoid invasive procedures, isolate infected neonates and use antibacterial agents rationally.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To reduce the career′s risk factors against the physical damage in supply room.METHODS The risk factors in the supply room were analyzed,and the corresponding preventive measures were develop.RESULTS Strengthening education on occupational safety protection and strictly implementing measures could reduce occupational hazards.CONCLUSIONS For different risk factors in the supply room job,appropriate occupational protection measures can effectively reduce occupational hazards.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To aim at finding out the infection cause and provide a basis for its prevention by discussing various situations of infection of surgery site incision.METHODS All 2233 operated patients during the peoriod between Jan 1,2006 and Dec 31,2007 were analyzed,in accordance with Diagnostic Norms of Hospital Infection issued by the Ministry of Health of P.R.C.RESULTS Thirty-nine out of 2233 were infected,accounting for 1.75% of the patients.The pathogenic bacteria causing infection were G-Bacilli(11cases 68.75%) and G+ coccus(5 cases 31.25%).CONCLUSIONS The investigation shows that it should be paid attention to risk factors to prevent and cure surgical incision infection.Contamination of incision can be diminished by ways of improving surgical technology,strictly obeying to the Norms,intensifying postoperative checking,reasonably using antibacterials in each operational stage as well as training and strengthening the conciousnes to consult a doctor.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To analyze the high incision infection rate in abdominal operation in order to take effective preventive measures.METHODS Totally 2302 cases of abdominal operation in general surgery were investigated retrospectively from Jan 2005 to May 2007.The diagnosis standard was based on the Diagnosis Standard of Hospital Infection(Draft) published by Ministry of Health of the People′s Republic of China in Jan 2001.RESULTS From them 113 cases suffered incision infection.The infection rate was 4.85%,accounted for 81.54% of all surgical operation incision infections.The pathogenic bacteria in the samples taken during the operation were the same as those in the secretion of postoperative incision in terms of species and source.CONCLUSIONS The key points of prevention of incision infection are sterile operation,flushing of abdominal cavity and enhanced detection of environment hygiene in operating room.The infection rate could be lowered through observation and nursing care of postoperative incision and proper use of antibiotics.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To investigate the status of fungus infection in the department of diabetes in order to analyze the risk factors,and to find out the approach for prevention.METHODS The review investigation method was used to collect clinical material of 81 cases with diabetes and fungus infection in our hospital from Jun 2002 to Jul 2007,and the result of bacterial cultures was analyzed.RESULTS The fungus infection took place more frequently in urinary tract(52.94%),then in the lungs and upper respiratory tract(27.05%).The frequently presented organism was the Candida albicans(42.35%),then C.glabrata(22.35%).CONCLUSIONS The age(≥60 years),sex,fasting plasma glucose concentration,2-hour postprandial blood glucose concentrations,the complications of chronic disease,and the long-term unreasonable use of antibiotic are the risk factors.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate pre-and intra-operative preventive measures against immediate conversions to open surgery during laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC).Methods We retrospectively reviewed 568 cases of LC,27 of which underwent an immediate conversion to open surgery.Causes of conversions,surgical techniques,and curative outcomes were analyzed.Results Causes of immediate conversions included: severe adhesion between the gallbladder and neighboring tissues(1.4%),severe acute cholecystitis(1.1%),freezing adhesion in the Calot triangle(0.9%),large stone obstruction proximal to the gallbladder(0.5%),abnormal anatomy of the cystic duct(0.4%),extensive adhesion around the umbilical port(0.4%),and uncontrollable hemorrhage of the gallbladder bed(0.2%).No fatal cases or intra-and post-operative complications were observed.Conclusions Preventive measures should be taken before and during laparoscopic cholecystectomy to minimize the possibility of immediate conversions to open surgery.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To explore the situation and relevant factors of ADR induced by Shengmai injection and find out reason and preventive measure of ADR in order to provide reference for rational use of drugs. METHODS:60 ADR cases of Shengmai injection published from 1989 to 2009 were analyzed in terms of age distribution,organs and systems involved in ADR and its manifestation. RESULTS:ADR cases induced by Shengmai injection mainly were allergic reactions(including rash,urticaria,conjunctival edema,fever,chills,allergic shock),34 cases accounting for 56.67%,followed by gastrointestinal system,7 cases accounting for 11.67%.7 cases of cardiovascular system accounted for 11.67%,other manifested as cardiovascular system response, visual impairment and local pain,etc.CONCLUSION:Clinical staff should be aware of the characteristics of ADR induced by Shengmai injection and its pathogenesis and grasp medication time as well as preventive measures. Drug use should be standardized to avoid and decrease the incidence of ADR.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the related factors and the preventive measures of choroidal detachment after glaucoma filtering surgery. Methods The clinical data of 8 patients (10 eyes) with choroidal detachment out of 337 patients (378 eyes) undergoing glaucoma filtering surgery were analyzed retrospectively. Results Of the 8 patients (10 eyes) with choroidal detachment, acute angle closure glaucoma was found in 3 patients (3 eyes), chronic angle closure glaucoma in 4 patients (6 eyes), and neovascular glaucoma in 1 patient (1 eye). The youngest was 51 years old and the oldest was 73 years old with an average age of (65.25?5.58) years old. Of the 8 patients, primary hypertension was found in 1 patient, type Ⅱ diabetes in 4 patients (diabetes patients combined with hypertension in 3 out of the 4 patients). Intraocular pressure of 3 patients (4 eyes) was regulated to the normal level [(22.38-24.38) mmHg] by medicine before operation. The remaining 5 patients (6 eyes) underwent operation at high intraocular pressure [(35.76-50.10) mmHg]. Choroidal detachment occurred at 1-11 d, (5.25?2.2) d in average. Shallow anterior chambers of 6 eyes treated by medicine therapy recovered within 5-10 d, (7.5?1.04) d in average. Shallow anterior chamber of 4 eyes treated by surgery recovered within 1-6 d, (3.65?1.45) d in average. Conclusion Occurrence of the choroidal detachment after glaucoma filtering surgery is associated with many factors, such as high intraocular pressure before operation, diabetes, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis. The preventive measures of choroidal detachment after glaucoma filtering surgery include: controlling intraocular pressure as low as possible before operation, avoiding sudden reduced intraoculer pressure during operation, forming anterior chamber at the end of operation, using releasable scleral flap sutures, adopting corticosteroid and ciliary muscle anaesthetics after operation, and avoiding mental stress.
ABSTRACT
Objective To discuss the causes of syncope and its influencing factors for medical students during the comprehensive military training in military medical university and explore the measures to prevent the incidence.Methods Combined with practical exercises,the clinical data of 42 cases of syncope during the comprehensive military training were retrospectively investigated and analyzed.Results During the military training,the percentage of vascular dysfunction syncope was 78.87%,and girls had higher rate than boys(Chi square=28.27,P